第三百七十一章 改土归流的本质

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方。”
    “当时田琛、田宗鼎分治思州、思南,文皇帝让二人分治,欲安其土人,田琛悖逆不道,构扇旁州,妄开兵衅,屠戮善良,抗拒朝命,文皇帝下诏治罪。”
    “这田宗鼎尤为凶骜绝灭伦理,悍然起兵谋反,文皇帝言:罪不可宥。”
    “思州、思南三十九长官司,即土司,多加抚绥,便开始更置府州县,而立布政司总辖。”
    “原设土司长官司长官,差遣藁税,悉仍旧所当行之事,最终思州等地设置贵州三司,设新化、黎平、石阡、思州四府。”(明太宗实录137卷)
    “当时太宗文皇帝曾诏胡尚书奏对,言宣慰司、土司、长官司之政,说:宣慰司并非长久之计,应当设法改土司为三司,以安边方。”
    “哦,对了,那一年,咱们的内阁首辅大学士陈循,刚刚中了状元,新科及第。”
    那时候胡濙已经做了十三年官,已经当上了礼部左侍郎。
    大明的糊裱匠总是在糊裱,除了给自己体面,给天下百官体面,也给陛下建言献策。
    历史长了就这般好,只要想解决,总能遭到解决的法子。
    于谦、李贤等人默然,胡濙虽然不在南衙,但是却处处都有他的身影。
    朱祁钰十分严肃的说道:“太宗文皇帝设立贵州三司,但是其中有一条,就是原设土司长官司的世官,也就是土酋,差遣、藁税,依旧是悉仍旧所当行之事。”
    “是所谓世有其地、世管其民、世统其兵、世袭其职、世治其所、世入其流、世受其封。”
    “朝廷诏命至三司、知府衙门,便再无下达的可能了。”
    “一个个,都是云贵川黔的土皇帝啊!”
    一个皇帝能够容忍自己的地头上,有将近成千上百个土皇帝吗?
    那不能够啊!
    他一手军权在握、一手大印大义在手,再加上一手财经事务无出其右,三管齐下,若是还让他们继续这么猖狂下去,那他朱祁钰岂不是跪着做皇帝吗?
    朱祁钰这话一说,就是给这件事定调。
    如何消灭这些世袭罔替、朝代更替也不影响世代掌权的土司土酋们。
    李贤振声说道:“臣以为,待平定之后,贵州、湖广宣慰司、长官司,皆数废除,设立三司使,州府县实质管辖,自上而下,先去宣慰司,再改土府。再土州土县。”
    “二是抓住一切有利时机,如土酋绝嗣,后继无人,如宗族争袭,如土酋相互仇杀,如土酋触犯大明律,以罪革职,尽数盖有流官充任。”
    大明世袭称之为世,大明非世袭称之为流。
    比如武清侯在拿下河套之地之后,拿到了世券,就是世爵,若是没有拿到世券,就称其流爵。
    就是从大明打工仔,变成大明合伙人。
    虽然在洪武年间,世券更像是催命符,但是到了永乐确权之后,世券的确是保命符,也有很多爵位世袭罔替到了明末。
    李贤这番话,就是上废宣慰司,下设流官,双管齐下,管理贵州、湖广等地的土司,最终将其从羁縻,变为政令通达之地。
    翻译翻译,就是改土归流。
    一旦这种做法可行,那么麓川之地的孟养、缅甸、八百大甸、老挝、大古剌、底马撒等地的宣慰司,就可以循规蹈矩,持续推进,将其彻底纳入大明领土!
    朱祁钰十分确信的说道:“在战争中,任何基于仁慈的美妙想法都是错误,即便是一栋破房子,我们也要踹一脚,他才会塌,等他塌了,才能重建。”
    “军事胜利才能保证其失去抵抗意志,如何令其服从大明朝廷,是政治胜利范畴。”
    “李贤一番话语,很好,朕以为善,可安九溪十八洞之地,可牧西南溪峒诸民。”
    九溪十八洞,就是贵州、湖广一代的土司的别称。
    这法子是可行的,太宗文皇帝的遗憾,将由继任者继往开来。
    于谦面色疑惑的说道:“陛下啊,土酋世官,世代掌管土蛮诸民,本质上是不是私权占据成丁,进而侵占社会劳动,榨取剩余价值,最终私权与公权产生冲突的典型呢?”
    李贤呆滞,他倒是弄明白了他的那些奇奇怪怪的问题。
    但是要说用,还是于少保触类旁通,对国家之制更加熟练!
    一针见血。
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