逆天级的历史人物 陈庆之比白起还猛的猛人

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),破魏丘大可7万人。元颢于此称魏帝,改元孝基,以陈庆之为前军大都督。四月二十日,陈庆之进军考城,破魏元晖业羽林军2万人。五月一日,魏大梁守军望白袍而降。陈庆之遂引师西进,鞭指魏都洛阳。五月二十三日,在魏援军赶到之前,破魏杨昱7万人,攻陷荥阳。俄而率3000兵背城力战,破敌援军元天穆、尔东兆骑兵万余。随后魏尔朱世隆弃虎牢,洛阳全裸于梁军之前。五月二十五日,元颢入洛阳,改元建武。
    然梁军陷洛阳后,魏元天穆等又反扑,先后攻克大梁、睢阳,并由费穆率2万兵攻虎牢,洛阳告急。陈庆之遂回师进击魏军,元天穆畏之而率4万众北渡黄河,费穆则率2万众降于虎牢。随后,陈庆之收复大梁、睢阳,洛阳之危尽解。
    大同二年(公元536年)十月,东魏定州刺史侯景率7万人寇楚州,俘楚州刺史桓和,侯景乘胜进军淮上,并写了信劝陈庆之投降。梁武帝遣侯退、侯夔等前去增援,军至黎浆,陈庆之已击破侯景。
    成功因素陈庆之北送元颢,自铚县至洛阳,行程3000余里,47战克魏32城,一往无前,可谓神勇。但有三个因素不得不表:
    第一,其时魏内外交困,于下则流民四起,于上则宫廷频变,洛阳方圆数百里内兵力空虚、士气低落,故陈庆之所向披靡,亦有一定机缘巧合。
    第二,陈庆之此次北伐,始终未与魏最精锐之师接战,其时魏朝第一名将尔朱荣初破葛荣,正囤兵上党至邺城一线,而元天穆实际上也未全力与陈庆之正面接战,其主要精力耗在进攻济南邢杲方面。(《魏书》中有“朝廷以颢孤弱,不以为虑”之言,足以佐证。)
    第三,《梁书》记陈庆之自述,“我辈众才七千,虏众三十余万”。(《南史》则为“贼众四十余万”),常人多误解为是以7000破30万,其实“虏众”不只指敌军,亦指敌军胁带做后勤等工作的百姓。且古代打仗,多爱浮夸,如曹操之号百万,实际不过数十万。进一步看,据今人朱大渭考证,当时北魏总兵力不过20万左右。因此,《梁书》中“魏将丘大千有众七万”、“抚军将军元显恭率御仗羽林宗子庶子众凡七万”,以及“虏众三十余万”等说法,显然有点大跃进。
    综上,陈庆之北伐以少破多的战绩,有事实基础,但也有一定水分。近人吕思勉对庆之北伐的评价就比较中肯:“(陈庆之)其锋可谓锐矣,然魏之兵力,未大损也”。
    [编辑本段]考证历史
    《梁书》中的陈庆之,一生未尝败绩,即使被尔东荣攻陷其参与守卫的洛阳,也要先鼓吹其11战伤敌甚众,再将后面的全军覆灭归结于天灾(嵩高颍水泛洪)而非人力。那么,事实是否如此?
    关于洛阳保卫战,《梁书.陈庆之传》这么写道:
    “魏天柱将军尔朱荣、右仆射尔朱世隆、大都督元天穆、骠骑将军尔朱吐没儿、荣长史高欢、鲜卑、芮芮,勒众号百万,挟魏主元子攸来攻颢。颢据洛阳六十五日,凡所得城,一时反叛。庆之渡河守北中郎城,三日中十有一战,伤杀甚众。荣将退,时有刘灵助者,善天文,乃谓荣曰:‘不出十日,河南大定’。荣乃缚木为筏,济自硖石,与颢战于河桥,颢大败,走至临颍,遇贼被擒,洛阳陷。庆之马步数千,结阵东反,荣亲自来追,值蒿高山水洪溢,军人死散。庆之乃落须发为沙门,间行至豫州,豫州人程道雍等潜送出汝阴。至都,仍以功除右卫将军,封永兴县侯,邑一千五百户”。
    看上去真是“天亡我也,非战之罪也”:陈庆之渡到黄河以北,把守北中郎城,三日11战,杀得尔朱荣正要退兵,却为善观天相者说服,绑了木排渡河,攻取洛阳。陈庆之仍未慌乱,结好阵型东返,遭遇嵩高县颍水泛洪,全军死散,于是落发剃须假扮僧人,独身逃回梁都。
    但还有另一个洛阳保卫战的版本,《魏书.尔朱荣传》写道:
    “(尔朱)荣与(元)颢相持于河上,颢令都督安丰王延明缘河据守。荣既未有舟船,不得即渡,议欲还北,更图后举。黄门郎杨侃、高道穆等并谓大军若还,失天下之望,固执以为不可。属马渚诸杨云有小船数艘,求为乡导,荣乃令都督尔朱兆等率精骑夜济,登岸奋击。颢子领军将军冠受率马步五千拒战,兆大破之,临阵擒冠受。延明闻冠受见擒,遂自逃散,颢便率麾下南奔”。
    而《魏书.岛夷萧衍传》中则有一句:“永安二年夏,遂入洛阳,车驾还讨,破走之。唯庆之一身走免,自余部众皆见俘执。”
    根据《魏书》的两条记载,陈庆之在保卫战中几乎变成透明人:尔朱荣结重兵与元颢相持于黄河两岸,欲渡无舟楫,打算北还,为下属劝止。恰好找到几艘小船和向导,尔朱荣就命尔朱兆率精骑夜渡,破颢陷洛,陈庆之则单身逃免。
    还有第三个洛阳保卫战的版本,《资治通鉴.梁记九》写道:
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